Navigating the Future Data-Driven Automation Tools: State-of-the-Art and Research Roadmap for Digital Twins of Energy Systems

—The Energy System is a critical infrastructure (CI) classified within the realm of Cyber-Physical-Social Systems due to its integration of computerized control systems and society’s consumption patterns, interfacing with the physical entities involved in production, transmission, and distribution. As we navigate cutting-edge technologies, sustainable development, and the digitization of essential societal services, new challenges emerge for energy systems. One cutting-edge technology addressing the complexity of Cyber-Physical-Social CIs is the Digital Twins (DT). The present study delves into the implementation of DT within the Energy Systems domain. Search results from three prominent digital libraries (SCOPUS, WOS, IEEE) highlight the novelty of this subject, which has gained traction within the sector since 2018. The findings of our Systematic Literature Review (SLR) reveal notable enhancements in the resilience of Smart Energy Systems through the application of DT. This review thoroughly investigates the efficacy of DT utilization, explores its achievements, and applications, and confronts the associated challenges.