Overview of Mini-screws in Orthodontics

Temporary anchoring devices (TADs) also known as mini-screws represent today an alternative method to improve orthodontic mechanisms. In particular, these mini-screws are used as ‘anchors’ to facilitate the straightening of the teeth and the closing of the interdental spaces, especially when the application of force could cause an unwanted movement of some teeth. However, a crucial aspect related to the use of these devices is the possibility of breakage during their operational life as well as during positioning and/or extraction. The existence of a fragment of the mini-screw within the jaw not only poses a potential risk of inflammation but also necessitates supplementary interventions to extract the compromised components. Additionally, the materials used may contribute to cytotoxicity. To address concerns related to mini-screw breakage and potential cellular damage, researchers need to investigate two key areas: the resistance behaviour of mini-screws and how their microstructure affects performance during treatment. By understanding these factors, you can choose more reliable and effective mini-screws, ultimately improving patient safety and treatment success. This article provides an overview of mini-screws, presenting and examining the development, advantages and disadvantages of mini-screw implants in the context of temporary skeletal anchorage for orthodontic applications. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the microstructural and mechanical properties of such mini-implants.